Normally, both pupils have the same size and are round. However, if there is an abnormality in the pupil, the size between the right and left pupils may not be the same and the shape can change. Pupillary abnormalities need to be recognized, because they can indicate a dangerous condition.
The pupil is the part in the middle of the eye that is round and black in color. The function of the pupil is to regulate how much light enters the eye.
To perform its function, the pupils will widen when you are in a dark place, to capture more light. Conversely, the pupils will shrink when you are in a brighter place or when the eyes are exposed to bright light. Besides being affected by light, both pupils usually shrink when the eye is focused looking at objects that are close by.
Various Abnormalities in Eye Pupils
In bright conditions, normally the pupils of an adult eye will be 2-4 mm in diameter. Whereas in dark conditions, the pupils will widen to 4-8 mm. Pupils in both eyes are normally the same size.
However, if there are eye pupil abnormalities, the size of the two pupils can be unequal. Pupillary abnormalities can also cause pupils not to widen when dark and not shrink when bright or when seeing objects at close range.
The following are some of the abnormalities that can occur in the pupils of the eye:
The size of the pupils is different
Anisocoria is a condition in which the size of the pupils of the right and left eye differ greatly, up to more than 3-5 mm. This condition does not need to worry if you are born with this condition or do not experience other annoying complaints.
However, if the pupil size suddenly becomes unequal, cannot return to its original size, or is accompanied by vision problems, the possibility of anisocoria is caused by certain medical conditions, such as:
- Impact or injury to the eye.
- Bleeding in the brain.
- Brain Injury.
- Convulsions.
- Migraine.
- Glaucoma.
- Increased pressure inside the head, for example due to brain tumors.
- Brain infections, such as brain abscesses, meningitis, and encephalitis.
- Stroke or paralysis of the eye nerve.
In addition to disease, the pupils that widen or shrink to the same size may also be caused by organophosphate poisoning or side effects of drugs, such as:
- Asthma Medication.
- Certain narcotics, such as methadone, heroin, and morphine.
- Atropine.
- Adrenaline or epinephrine.
The shape of the pupils is not round
Human eye pupils should be perfectly round in shape. But in pupillary abnormality, its shape can change into a rectangle, extend vertically or horizontally, or look like a crescent moon.
This abnormal shape of the pupils can be caused by birth defects, eye injuries, Horner's syndrome, adhesions between the iris (the colored part of the eye) and the lens of the eye, or in patients who have recently undergone cataract surgery.
Pupils do not react to light
Normally, the pupil of the eye will react to light, which is by enlarging when it is in a dark place, or shrinking when exposed to light. In people who have pupillary abnormalities, light reflexes on the pupil of the eye will not occur.
The loss of light reflexes in the pupils of the eye can be caused by several things, such as:
- Injury or impact to the eye.
- Brain Injury.
- Brain hemorrhage, for example due to cerebral aneurysms or bleeding strokes.
- Brain stem death.
Indeed, pupillary abnormality is not always dangerous, especially if it is not accompanied by complaints or other diseases. However, you need to be vigilant if your pupils are not the same size accompanied by sudden blurred or blind vision, double vision or shadowing, easy glare, eye pain, watery and red eyes, and headaches.
If abnormalities in the pupils of the eye are accompanied by these symptoms, you should immediately consult an ophthalmologist to determine the cause and get treatment.
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